Wiley, Weinheim, pp 123–157 (Biopolymers) In: Steinbüchel A (ed) Polysaccharides II: polysaccharides from eukaryotes, vol 6. Peter MG (2002) Chitin and chitosan in fungi. In: Domard A, Roberts GAF, Varum KM (eds) Advances in chitin science, vol II. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of chitosan prepared by microwaves was higher than that produced using the autoclave.Ĭauchie HM (1998) An attempt to estimate crustacean chitin production in the hydrosphere.
The data extracted from X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy have shown more crystalline and higher DDA of chitosan produced in microwave than the one in autoclave. In addition, microwave treatment saves a large amount of energy (due to the shorter time of heating) which is a very important factor for commercial productions. High molecular weight chitosan (as determined by viscosity measurements of chitosan in dilute acetic acid solution), white color, high water binding capacity (WBC) and fat binding capacity (FBC) has been obtained by microwave treatment. Chitosan extraction has been achieved by microwave heating and compared with that of conducting the deacetylation in an autoclave.
Several parameters determine the chitosan specifications, namely, chitosan sources, incubation time, pretreatment conditions, temperature and acid and alkaline treatment. Chitosan, derived from chitin by alkaline deacetylation, characteristically plays an important role in applications. The main source of chitin is crustacean shells. Chitin is the second most abundant carbohydrate polymer in nature next to cellulose.
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